GRAMMAR+1

__ SENTENCE COMBINING __
 * Sentence combining** is one of the most effective writing techniques. It is generally carried out in the following ways:
 * We can combine several sentences according to their structure into **one simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence.**
 * ==__**Simple sentence**: (It has a subject and a predicate. The subject and/or predicate could be simple or compound)__==
 * ==__**Compound sentence**: (2 main clauses united by **,and ,or ,but, so, yet, nor** or **; )**__==
 * ==__**Complex sentence**: (1 main clause and 1 or 2 subordinate clauses)__==
 * **noun clause** (takes the place of a noun)
 * **adjective clause** (modifies a noun, begins with a relative pronoun, and follows the word it **modifies)**
 * ==__**adverb clause** (modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb and begins with a subordinating conjunction) If it is located at the beginning of the sentence, it is called an **introductory adverb clause.** Introductory adverb clauses are always followed by a comma. Example: Because I was sick, I did not go to school. Since I studied for the test, I got a good grade.__==


 * ==__Appositive or appositive phrase (renames the noun . Example: **Miss Sue**, **Marymount´s Principal,** is from the USA. **Juan Manuel Santos, the** **President of Colombia**, lives in Bogota. **Mrs. Yadi, our homeroom teacher,** is our English teacher.__==
 * Participial phrases (present participle ends in **ing –**past participle regular verbs end in **ed-** irregular verbs do not follow a specific pattern. Participial phrases function as adjectives)
 * Prepositional phrases (they begin with a preposition and end with a noun Ex: under the chair…)
 * Use correlative conjunctions to compare or contrast ideas in a sentence
 * Series: ( Ex: apples, pears, and bananas = Susy, Mary, and John)
 * Use of adjectives (Ex: The girl fell down. The girl was pretty. = The pretty girl fell down.)

v **Relative pronouns:** who, whose, whom, which, that, what **(Adjective Clause)** v **Relative adverb:** when, where, why

v **Subordinating conjunction: (Adverb Clause)** v **Time:** after, as, as soon as, before, since, until when, whenever, while v **Place:** where, wherever v **Manner:** as, as if, as though v **Cause:** as, because, inasmuch as, since, so that v **Concession:** although, even though, though v **Condition:** if, unless

v **Words that introduce noun clauses (Noun Clause):** how, however, that, what, whatever, when, where, which, whichever, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, why

v **Coordinating conjunctions:** and, or, but, so, yet, not **(compound sentence)**

v **Correlative conjunctions: both......and either......or neither........nor**
 * Whether…….or Not only.......but also (used to compare or contrast two ideas)**

Use different sentence combining techniques to combine the following sentences:

= = __**SIMPLE SUBJECT WITH ADJECTIVES**__
 * September 11, 2001 was a bright day.September 11, 2001 was a clear day.Millions of Americans in New York City streamed toward their workplaces.Suddenly, at 8:48 am the bright morning turned into a nightmare.A passenger jet slammed into one of the two World Trade Center towers.The towers were in New York City.Fifteen minutes later, another airplane flew.It flew into the other tower.Another jet hit the Pentagon.The Pentagon is in Arlington, VirginiaThe crashes were the work of terrorists.The terrorists attacked buildings.The buildings were symbols of American Power.The Pentagon represents U.S. military strength.The Pentagon was built of concreteIt was built in 1940.It is called the Pentagon because it has five sides.The World Trade Center´s twin towers symbolized American wealth.They were built in the early 1970s. They were the tallest buildings in the world.The lives of the victims were profoundly changed.The lives of the survivors were profoundly changed.The American government put in place many new policies.The policies were to confront the threat of terrorism.After September 11, Americans realized many things.They realized that the threat of terrorism is always present.
 * September 11, 2001 was a **bright, clear** day.


 * __COMPOUND SENTENCE__**
 * The Pentagon represents U.S. military strength**, and** The World Trade Center´s twin towers symbolized American wealth.


 * __COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH INTRODUCTORY ADVERB CLAUSE__**
 * **Since** a passenger jet slammed into one of the two World Trade Center towers, the bright September 11th morning turned into a nightmare.


 * __SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH APPOSITIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE__**
 * The World Trade Center´s twin towers, **the tallest buildings in the world**, were attacked by terrorists **in New York City.**


 * __ SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH PARTICIPIAL PHRASE __**
 * ** Slamming into one of the two World Trade Center towers, ** a passenger jet killed many people.

__** CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS **__
 * The terrorist jet **not only** destroyed the North Twin Tower **but also** the south Twin Tower.

__**SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH PREPOSITONAL PHRASE**__
 * The Pentagon was built of concrete **in 1940**.


 * __COMPLEX SENTENCE (NOUN CLAUSE)__**
 * ** How the American government put in place many new policies ** is not certain.


 * __COMPLEX SENTENCE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)__**
 * After September 11, Americans realized **that** the threat of terrorism is always present.


 * __COMPLEX SENTENCE (ADVERB CLAUSE)__**
 * The terrorist attack caused a great deal of damage **since it destroyed The Twin Towers.**


 * __COMPLEX SENTENCE (INTRODUCTORY ADVERB CLAUSE)__**
 * ** Because the terrorists attacked buildings **, the lives of the survivors were profoundly changed.