GRAMMAR+3+-+VERBS

¨ We form the **PRESENT PERFECT** with the helping verb **HAVE OR HAS** and the **PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.** **I have- You have- She has- He has- It has- we have- you have- they have-** ¨ PAST PARTICIPLE OF REGULAR VERBS is formed by adding the ending **ED** ¨ PAST PARTICIPLE OF IRREGURLAR VERBS do not form the past participle according to any rule. (learn by memory).
 * __ PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: __**

¨ We use the **PRESENT PERFECT** to talk about events in past time, but not when they happened. (INDEFINITE TIME)
 * She has **taken** my thermos (When? Yesterday, last week, today?)
 * I **have read** her latest novel. (When? Yesterday, last week, today?)
 * I **have been** to the dentist. (When? Yesterday, last week, today?)
 * Johan **has broken** the vase. (When? Yesterday, last week, today?)
 * They **have bought** a new car. (When? Yesterday, last week, today?)
 * I have flown in a plane.
 * I have eaten cocodrile meat.
 * I have been on stage.
 * We have given blood.
 * I have visited a Safari Park
 * I have learned another language.
 * I have broken a glass.
 * I have held a baby.
 * I have cried in he cinema.

¨ We use the **PRESENT PERFECT** to talk about situations or actions during a period that started in the past and has continued up to the present.
 * We **have lived** in this house **for ten years**.
 * I **have studied** at Marymount **since 1997**.
 * Jane **has phoned** me three times **this week.´**
 * ** Have ** you **seen** Susy **today?**


 * We use the **PRESENT PERFECT** to show an action that has just finished.
 * 1) The play **has just finished.**


 * We can use the **PRESENT PERFECT** with **ever, never, already, yet, not**
 * ** I have never eaten ** horse meat.
 * Chris **has already sent** her a present.
 * They **have not finished** their homework **yet.**


 * An inventor wants to advertise a new product. This week, he must send out a letter and organize a newspaper advertisement. **


 * * ** Prepare a circular letter put the copies in the envelopes **
 * ** Buy the stamps write the text of the advertisement **
 * ** Make copies of the letter send the advertisement to the paper ** ||


 * Write a positive sentence with ALREADY, and a negative sentence with YET. **


 * He has already prepared the circular letter.
 * He has not bought the stamps yet.
 * He has already made copies of the letter
 * He has not put copies in the envelopes.
 * He has already written the text of the advertisement.
 * He has not sent the advertisement to the paper.


 * __ PAST PERFECT TENSE: __**
 * We form the **PAST PERFECT** with the helping verb **HAD** and the **PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB.**
 * PAST PARTICPLE OF REGULAR VERBS = ED
 * PAST PARTICIPLE OF IRREGULR VERBS = MEMORY


 * We use the PAST PERFECT to describe two related events in the past. One occurred before the other. **Use the past perfect for the first event.** (it does not matter if it is located in the second part of the sentence)
 * When the police arrived, the thief **had already escaped.**
 * When I returned with my camera, the bird **had flown** away.
 * When John telephoned, I **had already gone** to bed.


 * We use it in **reported speech** not in quoted speech:
 * Example:
 * She told the doctor that she **had suffered** from asthma for many years.
 * Pam said that she **had always wanted** to fly a helicopter.
 * Bob asked Charles if he **had been** to Spain.

We form the **FUTURE PERFECT TENSE** with the helping verb **WIIL HAVE and** the **PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB.**
 * __ FUTURE PERFECT TENSE __** :
 * We use the future perfect tense to express one future action or condition that will begin and end before another future event starts.
 * By Tuesday, I **will have finished** the project before I go to school.
 * Peggy **will have earned** her masters degree before she joins the Peace Corps.
 * Before this evening, Amy **will have fixed** the porch swing.

VERBS
**__ CONSISTENCY OF TENSES __**

The dogs __saw__ the cat, and at once they __chased__ it.
 * Don`t shift, or change, tenses when two or more events occur at the same time. **

By the time the omelet __was__ ready, I __had set__ the table. When the police __arrived,__ the thief __had escaped.__
 * Do shift tenses to show that one event precedes or follows another. **

We __learned__ that water __expands__ when it __freezes__.
 * Keep a statement about a general truth in the present tense even if other verbs are in the past tense. **


 * A) RECOGNIZING CORRECT VERB FORMS **
 * Decide if the underlined verb phrase is correct. If it is, write //CORRECT.// If not, write the correct form. **

1) Last year, the “Canal del Dique” **__will break__** and left many people without homes.**BROKE**_ __ 2) People in the southern part of Atlantico __**can’t drank** __clean water.__ _**CAN’T DRINK**_ 3) The rescue team **have find** many homeless people. **HAS FOUND** 4) It **have grown into** a great tragedy. **HAS GROWN**
 * B) Conjugate the verbs of the following sentences in PAST TENSE. (write only the verb) **


 * || ** AFFIRMATIVE FORM ** || ** NEGATIVE **
 * FORM ** || ** INTERROGATIVE FORM ** ||
 * They beat me. || ** BEAT ** || ** DID NOT BEAT ** || ** DID THEY BEAT? ** ||
 * They teach math. || ** 1) TAUGHT MATH ** || ** 2)DID NOT TEACH MATH ** || ** 3)DID THEY TEACH MATH? ** ||
 * He eats chocolate. || ** 4) ATE CHOCOLATE ** || ** 5) DID NOT EAT CHOCOLATE ** || ** 6) DID HE EAT CHOCOLATE? ** ||
 * Susy gives me money. || ** 7)GAVE ME MONEY ** || ** 8) DID NOT GIVE ME MONEY ** || ** 9)DID SUSY GIVE ME MONEY? ** ||

1) Many people (have) **HAD**_a very sad moment. 2) My father and I (see)**SAW**the sad news on the TV special report. 3) Last year Manati (be) ___**WAS**__ ___flooded by the water of the river.
 * C) Fill in the blanks using the correct PAST TENSE of the verb in parenthesis: **

Read the story and put one of these verbs in the blank, using the **SIMPLE PAST TENSE. Use each verb once only.**
 * ** Live go feel run want be forget open see say have be ** ||


 * __ THE FOX AND THE CROW __**

The fox and the crow (1) __**WERE** _in the forest. One day the fox (2)__ **WENT** for a walk. He (3)_**SAW**_the crow sitting in a tree. The crow (4)_**HAD** __a piece of cheese in her beak. The fox (5)__**_FELT** very hungry, and he (6)_**WANTED** _to get the cheese from the crow. So he (7)_**SAID**_ “ You look beautiful. I am sure you have a beautiful voice too. Please sing for me.” The crow (8)_**WAS**_a bit stupid. When she (9)_**OPENED** _her beak to sing, the cheese fell out. The fox caught the cheese and (10)__**RAN**_away.
 * PAST TENSE **
 * ** Base ** || ** Affirmative ** || ** Negative ** || ** Interrogative ** ||
 * go || I went || I **did** not **go.** || ** Did ** I **go**? ||
 * eat || She ate || She **did** not **eat.** || ** Did ** she **eat?** ||
 * move || They moved || They **did** not **move.** || ** Did ** they **move?** ||


 * QUESTIONS **

I don´t know __where Paty went last night.__ Question:_ **Where did Paty go last night?**

I don´t know __where Jack bought his new boots.__ Question:_ **Where did Jack buy his new boots?**

I don´t know __where Bob studied.__ Question:_**Where did Bob study?**

I don´t know __where Alex went yesterday.__ __ Question: __** Where did Alex go yesterday? **

I don´t know __when Charles came.__ __ Question: __**When did Charles come?**__

**ACTION VERBS can be used in two ways – in the ACTIVE VOICE and in the PASSIVE VOICE. A sentence has a verb in the ACTIVE VOICE when the subject performs the action. A sentence has a verb in the PASSIVE VOICE when the action is performed on the subject.** **The ACTIVE VOICE is more interesting, more direct, and makes for livelier writing.**
 * ACTIVE VOICE ||  ||
 * PRESENT || Sofi breaks the vase. ||
 * PAST || Sofi broke the vase. ||
 * FUTURE || Sofi will break the vase. ||
 * PRESENT PROGRESSIVE || Sofi is breaking the vase. ||
 * PAST PROGRESSIVE || Sofi was breaking the vase. ||
 * FUTURE PROGRESSIVE || Sofi will be breaking the vase. ||
 * PRESENT PERFECT || Sofi has broken the vase. ||
 * PAST PERFECT || Sofi had broken the vase. ||
 * FUTURE PERFECT || Sofi will have broken the vase. ||
 * PASSIVE VOICE ||  ||
 * PRESENT || The vase is broken by Sofi. ||
 * PAST || The vase was broken by Sofi. ||
 * FUTURE || The vase will be broken by Sofi ||
 * PRESENT PERFECT || The vase has been broken by Sofi. ||
 * PAST PERFECT || The vase had been broken by Sofi. ||
 * FUTURE PERFECT || The vase will have been broken by Sofi. ||
 * ** An action verb is in the __ACTIVE VOICE__ when the subject of the sentence performs the action. **
 * An action verb is in the __PASSIVE VOICE__ when its action is performed on the subject. **
 * PAST PERFECT || The vase had been broken by Sofi. ||
 * FUTURE PERFECT || The vase will have been broken by Sofi. ||
 * ** An action verb is in the __ACTIVE VOICE__ when the subject of the sentence performs the action. **
 * An action verb is in the __PASSIVE VOICE__ when its action is performed on the subject. **
 * ** An action verb is in the __ACTIVE VOICE__ when the subject of the sentence performs the action. **
 * An action verb is in the __PASSIVE VOICE__ when its action is performed on the subject. **

He **speaks** English. English **is spoken** by him.

They **love** the teacher. The teacher **is loved** by them.

They **are watching** the movie. The movie **is being watched** by them.

He **is eating** an apple. The apple **is being eaten** by him.

The boys **played** golf. Golf **was played** by the boys.

They **caught** the cat. The cat **was caught** by them.

The girls **were buying** maps. The maps **were being bought** by the girls.

His mother **was baking** a cake. The cake **was being baked** by his mother.

I **have done** my work. My work **has been done** by me.

My sister **has thrown** the ball very far. The ball **has been thrown** very far by my sister.

The man **had bought** the book before he read it. The book **had been bought** by the man before he read it.

The team **will win** the game. The game **will be won** by the team. ||  ||